A synthesizer is something that is used in techno music. It is an electronic instrument capable of creating a range of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequencies. There are three main types of synthesizers which operate differently: analog, digital and software-based. Rather than creating direct sounds, synthesizers create electrical signals which are processed through headphones or a loudspeaker.
Synthpop is a subgenre of New Wave music. In Synthpop, the synthesizer is the dominant musical instrument that is used. It is associated with the era between the late 1970s and early to middle 1980s however it has continued to exist and develop even up to this day. The German group Kraftwerk and Japanese group Yellow Magic Orchestra are said to pioneer this style of music, however a lot other musicians have improved to the original style.
Electro Funk or Electro is sometimes known as robot hip hop and electro hop. This is an electronic style of hip hop influenced by Kraftwerk and funk records. This is different from rap records of earlier times which were closer to disco music. Records in the genre have distinct electronic sounds and some words that are delivered mechanically and these are made to sound like a robot’s voice. This is accomplished through a vocoder or other electronic distortion.
Ambient music is a musical genre where sound is more important than notes and is recognized by its environmental and atmospheric feel. The main effect of this kind of music is to drift in and out of the listener’s awareness. This genre came from early 20th century forms of “semi-audible music”, from Erik Satie’s impressionism, through Terry Riley and Philip Glass’ minimalism of concrete music and Brian Eno’s deliberate sub-audible approach. During later times, ambient music is applied to rhythmic music at raves and dance events.
Trance is one of the many styles of electronic music. It is characterized by a tempo of between 130 and 160 BPM and features repeating melodic synthesizer phrases, and a musical form that builds up and down throughout a track. The style is derived from a combination of electronic music like techno and ambient music. The term is linked to the ability of a drum beat to induce altered states of consciousness, also known as trance. This can be understood as a form of club music and is played at nightclubs all over the planet.
Music psychologists investigate all aspects of musical behavior by applying methods and knowledge from all aspects of psychology. Topics of study include for example:
* everyday music listening
* musical rituals and gatherings
* the specific skills and processes involved in learning a musical instrument or singing in a choir
* musical behaviors such as dancing and responding emotionally to music
* development of musical behaviours and abilities throughout the lifespan
* the role of music in forming personal and group identities
* preferences: the reasons why we like some kinds of music and not others
* the structures that we hear within music: melody, phrasing, harmony, tonality, rhythm, meter
* the psychological processes involved in musical performance
It aims to explain and understand musical behavior and musical experience. Modern music psychology is mainly empirical: music-psychological knowledge tends to advance primarily on the basis of interpretations of data about musical behavior and experience, which are collected by systematic observation of and interaction with human participants.
The scope of music psychology:
Humans spend enormous amounts of time, effort, and money on musical activities. Why? The modern, international field of music psychology is gradually exploring a multitude of issues that surround this central question. Music psychology may be regarded as scientific research about human culture. The results of this research have, and will continue to have, direct implications for matters of general concern: human values, human identity, human nature, and quality of life.
Topics in the field include the following and others:
* A listener’s perception of grouping structure (motives, phrases, sections, etc.)
* Rhythm and meter (perception and production)
* Key inference
* Expectation (including melodic expectation).
* Musical similarity
* Emotional, affective, or arousal response
* Expressive, musical performance
Some aspects of cognitive music theory describe how sound is perceived by a listener. While the study of human interpretations of sound is called psychoacoustics, the cognitive aspects of how listeners interpret sounds as musical events is commonly known as music cognition.
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